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Distribution Systems in Apartment Buildings
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Published at the 11th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, August 31 to September 2, 2008, Reykjavik, ICELAND
In an apartment building, the two main principal heat and domestic hot water (DHW) distribution methods are the riser pipe system and the decentralized system with flat stations. In the first case, the DHW system heat losses may be bigger than the net heat for preparing the DHW. In the second case, the DHW pipes are only inside the apartments or flats and are mostly idle. Individual controls and metering will typically lead to considerable savings in heat consumption. The paper compares the decentralized system with flat stations to few versions of riser pipe systems involving investment, system heat losses, heat consumption, savings, and comfort level. |
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Investigations in Denmark have shown, that individualisation of metering together with individual controls will lead to 10-30% savings in heat consumption. Apartment buildings include a huge energy-saving potential, as they traditionally make up a big part of the DH consumers in most cities. Increasing focus on energy savings, together with more demands for comfort involve better controlling and metering possibilities for the individual consumer. For apartment buildings, this individualisation of the control equipment for district heating supply brings about a two-pipe system with thermostatic radiator valves and a separate district heating unit for each flat, where metering takes place, this we call a flat station. This design implies higher investment, but is justified by higher individual comfort combined with reduced energy demand.
The article includes a description of the geometry of an apartment building, a description of four different alternatives in block distribution systems, and a comparison of system heat losses as well as pipe recourses. The subjects of comfort level and individualisation of heat supply are involved together with saving potential.
Please click the below link to read the entire technical article about distribution systems in apartment buildings. |
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Precise control of instantaneous hot-water and heating supply
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The control valves optimized for district heating are developed especially to meet high standards for precise control of instantaneous hot-water and heating supply. Danfoss is worldwide the biggest player within dedicated products for district heating applications. All products are designed to achieve the best possible control and comfort as well as maximum energy savings. Control capabilities based on split characteristics ensure that even the most difficult control requirements in district heating can be met, while still providing instantaneous hot-water. |
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